How exactly do you market to a niche audience? I have a viewer who wrote that they work for a particular kind of library and want some help with marketing advice. And I think this advice actually applies to everyone working in library marketing.
So, we’re going to get into niche audiences in this episode of The Library Marketing Show!
Plus, kudos go to a library that introduced a new staff member to the media.
Do you have a suggestion for a topic for a future episode? Do you want to nominate someone for kudos? Let me know here. Thanks for watching!
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Photo courtesy the Cincinnati and Hamilton County Public Library
There is nothing like the thrill of someone discovering your library for the first time.
New users are often dazzled by the notion that they can check out items from your collection and use your services, without having to pay anything (except taxes, in most cases). That joy is contagious, and it’s a big thrill for library staff.
Many of you are actively searching for ways to reach people in your community who may not have used the library before. In the most recent Super Library Marketing survey, you told me that you struggle to promote to non-cardholding community members. Several of you named specific target audiences you hope to reach, including young adults, parents and caregivers of young children, and non-English speaking communities.
Let’s first lay out an effective approach your library can take to craft a message that resonates with new cardholders. Then, we’ll talk about tactics you can use to reach them.
The Problem-Solution approach
The Problem-Solution approach is a subtle and effective shift in the way we think about promotions.
These messages show that you understand your audience’s problems and that your library offers solutions to those problems. It’s marketing with empathy. It’s best explained with an example.
An example of the Problem-Solution approach
I recently saw a real-life library’s strategic plan which included a pledge to increase access to the collection for underserved communities, immigrants, and new residents. They also want to provide support to new residents trying to learn English as a second language. This library has a robust collection of reading materials in a variety of languages and ESOL programs.
Now, normally your collection promotion might sound something like this:
“Get a library card and get access to thousands of books to read for pleasure, for work, or for study, all for free. And learn a new language by attending our programs.”
But using the problem-solution approach, with immigrants and new residents as the target audience, the message would sound like this:
“Are you struggling to find books, movies, and music in your native language? Are you hoping to learn a new language in your new home? Your library is there for you. We have an extensive collection of books in lots of languages. You can also learn and practice English in a safe and supportive environment. All you need is a free library card.”
In this example, your next step would of course be to translate that message into the language of your target audience. Then, you’ll proceed with the 6-step plan to reach this new audience.
6-step plan to reach new audiences
Step 1: Make it easy to find your card signup application.
In my day job at NoveList, I look at library websites and evaluate their customer experience and promotions. Unfortunately, I often have to hunt pretty aggressively for information about applying for a library card. Sometimes, I can’t find it at all!
The most important thing to do to get more new cardholders is to make signing up easy! Your cardholder application should be front and center on your website. A frequently asked questions section for new cardholders is also a good idea.
Step 2: Target new audiences with a little money on social media.
You don’t have to spend much money to reach your target audience. Most libraries can spend about two to three dollars a day to boost a post or an ad to see results.
It’s easy to set up your ads for maximum effectiveness. You can choose the audience based on a huge list of demographics, including geographic location, age, and interests. Facebook will help you craft the call to action, image, and headline that will work best for your ad.
You can link your Instagram page to your Facebook page to buy identical ads for both platforms. I recommend this strategy, as you’re more likely to reach non-cardholders by combining efforts on both platforms.
Step 3: Incentivize current cardholders to recruit new cardholders.
Ask current cardholders to recruit a new cardholder for a chance to win a prize. The prize could be library swag or gift cards from local businesses.
To promote your contest, email your cardholders to let them know about the giveaway. Create small flyers or bookmarks to promote your contest and slip them into holds, curbside pickup bags, or make-and-take craft bags.
Step 4: Incentivize staff to recruit new cardholders.
Get some extra gift cards and give them away to staff members. Or give away a half day of vacation, an extra-long lunch, a free parking space, or the privilege of wearing jeans to work for a day.
You can do a straight giveaway, where every staff member who manages to recruit a new cardholder is entered to win a prize. Or you can make it competitive, rewarding the staff member with the most signups.
Step 5: Pitch real stories of library cardholders to the media.
Instead of sending out a generic press release about the benefits of a library card, send your media contacts a pre-written story of a real person who got help with a real problem at the library.
Write your cardholder story with emotion, some conflict, and a resolution. Add some pictures or videos, and then hit send.
Reporters and newsrooms are more likely to pick up a story about a real person than a press release. And the coverage will get your library exposure in front of an entirely new audience.
Step 6: Ask your partners for help.
Ask partner organizations to distribute a bookmark or some other kind of small print promotional piece to their visitors.
Local realtors and rental agencies could give your promotional piece to prospective homeowners or new renters. Send some of your library card sign-up print pieces to daycare providers, teachers, summer camps, and recreational centers. You can even ask restaurants to include a library card signup flyer or bookmark in their takeout bags!
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Photo courtesy Cincinnati and HamiltonCounty Public Library
Do you feel like you’re playing a rigged game of hide and seek as you try to figure out how to reach target audiences?
Hide and seek is fun for kids. For adults working in library marketing… not so much.
Loyal library users and fans are likely subscribed to your library’s emails. They follow you on social media. They visit your library either in person or virtually.
But (and I know I’m stating the obvious here) finding community members who have no regular interaction with your library is incredibly difficult and costly.
This is where robots can be helpful. You can use ChatGPT to figure out the channels your target audience uses.
Here’s how this works
Let’s say your library has partnered with a health and wellness center to create a new, monthly program for community members with memory loss. The program will include activities for caregivers as well.
Your job is to make sure the right people know the program is available for free at your library. Specifically, your marketing goal is to ensure at least 10 people attend the program each month.
Who do you target?
Your first step is to figure out who your target audience is.
For this example, you could go to the Alzheimer’s Association website and search for statistics on patients with memory loss and their caregivers.
From this, you can create two focused target audiences.
Memory loss patients: Specifically, women of color over the age of 65, who are most likely to suffer from memory loss.
Caregivers: Women between the ages of 30 and 50 with a household income of $50,000 or less are most likely to be caring for someone with memory loss.
Double-checking your work
ChatGPT can help you check your work. Did you miss anyone who might be interested in the memory loss program?
In the ChatGPT search, you can type “Pretend you work at a library. The library has partnered with a health and wellness center to create a new, monthly program for community members with memory loss. The program will include activities for caregivers of those with memory loss as well. Can you give me the target audience for promotions of this program?”
ChatGPT will weigh in on whether you’re on the right track with your two target audiences. But it will also show you audiences you would have missed. In this instance, ChatGPT says:
With this information, you are ready to move to your next research step.
How do you reach these three audiences?
Of course, you would start by sending an eblast to the members of your subscriber list who match this target. You would also promote the program on your library’s website, through in-library digital signs, and bookmarks.
But outside of your library resources, what other channels can you use to reach these three audiences? ChatGPT can be a starting point for answering that question.
In ChatGPT, you can type, “What online blogs or publications are most popular for women in *your area*?” (For this example, I used Cincinnati because that’s where I work, which allows me to check ChatGPT’s accuracy.)
Now you have a list of publications to start your research. You can go to those websites, see what kinds of articles they publish, and determine if they would be a good place to pitch a story about your new memory loss program.
Radio stations are still popular with people over the age of 50. And your might be wondering if it would make sense to advertise your memory loss program on the radio.
There are 30+ radio stations in Cincinnati! I suspect there are a similar number in the city or town where you live. You’ll want to whittle your list down before you research. You can use ChatGPT for that too.
In the search you can type, “Which radio stations are most popular for people over the age of 65 in *your area*?”
ChatGPT identified four target stations in Cincinnati. That’s so much easier than going through the list of 30 radio stations!
Help from ChatGPT with another idea
There may be neighborhoods in your city or town that consist mainly of people over the age of 65. You can use ChatGPT to help you identify those neighborhoods.
In the search, you can type, “Which neighborhoods in *your area* have a population that is mainly over 65?” Here are the results for Cincinnati.
With that information, you can do some geo-targeting with your message.
For example, you can pull a list of cardholders who have named the branches in those neighborhoods as their home branch. Then, you can send them an email about the memory program.
You might also consider boosting a Facebook post and targeting users living in your target neighborhoods.
Finally, you can ask ChatGPT, “How do I reach an audience of doctors, nurses, and healthcare professionals who work with patients with memory loss in *my area*?” ChatGPT will give you a list to use as a starting point.
While you will still need to do some research, ChatGPT is a helpful and free tool to help you get started as you identify ways to reach your target audiences. The results it generates for this task tend to be more focused and helpful than a Google search.
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Photo courtesy Cincinnati and Hamilton County Public Library
Terrance is a senior in high school, with a bright future ahead of him.
He’s gregarious, curious, and extroverted. He lives with his dad and two younger siblings. His dad is managing to make ends meet, but there isn’t a lot of money left over for things like vacations or extra-curricular activities.
Terrance doesn’t have a car, but he’s been using public transportation all his life. He really wants to go to college. He’d be the first in this family to go. But the application, the financial aid paperwork, interviewing, and essay writing required for admission feels overwhelming to him.
Terrance isn’t a real kid… not exactly. He was a target persona I built when I worked at a library.
Terrance was based on real teens who used our library. And when I read that description, I could clearly see Terrance in my mind. (I still can–can you?) More importantly, I could find the words I needed to say in library promotions that would reach Terrance.
Terrance helped me figure out how to create effective library promotions.
What is a target persona and why do we need them?
A target persona is a fictional profile of a person who represents one of your key target audience groups, based on the characteristics of your community members.
Target personas help us get granular about our target audience. Getting granular helps us create promotions that let our community members know that we see and hear them.
Simply put, we can use target personas to create marketing that convinces those community members to use the library.
A target persona is not supposed to detail one specific person. It should never be based on one specific individual. It’s a composite sketch, like Terrance, that should reflect most people it is supposed to represent.
How to build target personas for your library
Your community members can be broken down into core segments, or groups, based on their wants, motivations, and the problems they need your library’s help to solve. Those are your target personas.
The number of target personas your library will need will depend entirely on your library’s strategic goals and your marketing goals. Some libraries only need 2 or 3 target personas. Some will need more.
The first thing your library will do is gather demographic information about the community or target group for which you are building a persona. You may do this by researching census data or other data available from your city or town government. Settle on a general answer to these questions:
Age range
Income
Education level
Living situation (Married, single, living with multiple generations in one house, living in an apartment, unhoused, etc.)
Transportation situation (Do they have their own car or do they use public transit?)
Current library usage
Then you want to add depth to your persona. Write down answers to these questions:
Their motivations. Are they career or money-motivated? Are they family-focused?
Their attitudes. Can you identify their perspective on social issues like environmental welfare, human rights, or intellectual freedom?
Their pain points: What problems are they looking to solve?
Their aspirations for the future.
The activities they participate in, both inside and outside of the library.
Their religious and political affiliation.
Using ChatGPT to create target personas
Once you have gathered as much information as you can on your target audience by answering the questions above, it’s time to create your target persona. ChatGPT can help you get started.
Let’s say you want to build a target persona for someone who might use your library’s small business center.
Put all the information you have on your target persona together in a description and feed it into ChatGPT like this:
“Pretend you are a marketer. Build me a target audience persona for a person who is in their mid-50s, who was laid off from the job they held for more than 20 years. This person has always wanted to start their own business, and they figure now is the time. But they do not have a business or marketing degree, and they have very little money. They are single and are living off savings now. They do have a bachelor’s degree in English. They have their own car. They use the library to check out books about once a month. They could use library resources to help them start their small business.”
ChatGPT generated a target persona for “John Anderson, a resilient midlife entrepreneur on a mission!” ChatGPT assigned characteristics that I hadn’t considered, like tech savviness and media consumption.
Here’s the rest of the ChatGPT-generated target persona for John Anderson.
Goals and Motivations
Fulfilling a lifelong dream of starting his own business.
Achieving financial stability and independence.
Creating a legacy and finding personal fulfillment through his work.
Challenges
Limited budget and financial resources.
Lack of formal education in business and marketing.
Navigating the challenges of entrepreneurship later in life.
Hobbies and Interests
Enjoys reading, especially classic literature and business-related books.
Values community engagement and local events.
Appreciates the arts and cultural activities.
Media Consumption
Relies on traditional media like newspapers and local community bulletins.
Limited online presence and social media usage.
Listens to podcasts or watches videos for learning and entertainment.
Tech Savviness
Basic computer skills but may need assistance with advanced online tools.
Open to learning and adapting to technology for business purposes.
Values
Values hard work, perseverance, and integrity.
Desires to make a positive impact on the local community.
Values practical and actionable advice.
How the Library Can Help
Access to beginner-friendly business books and resources to guide him through the basics of entrepreneurship.
Workshops and one-on-one assistance on creating a business plan, marketing on a budget, and utilizing digital tools.
Free or low-cost online courses for building essential business skills.
Networking events to connect with local entrepreneurs and mentors.
ChatGPT also said, “Understanding John’s unique situation and tailoring library resources to cater to his specific needs will be crucial. Marketing messages should focus on the practicality, accessibility, and community support the library provides for someone like John as he takes the leap into entrepreneurship.”
If I worked at a library, I qould take this ChatGPT generated persona and add or subtract the things that apply to my community.
Are personas too generalized?
There is nothing that replaces a personal conversation with a community member. But it is physically impossible to talk to everyone who lives in your service area.
Personas allow us to find the commonalities of the different segments of our audience. This exercise will lead you to create promotional items that connect with your target audience.
Your target personas will likely change over time. They may be different for different programs or goals that your library is trying to reach. That’s okay! Your target personas should be like your library: adaptable, flexible, and able to change to meet the needs of your community.
But by having defined target personas, you are better equipped with the insights needed to build an experience that consistently and efficiently speaks to your patrons as individuals – with content that’s super relevant to them.
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The #LibraryMarketing Show, Episode 180: How many times have you or someone at your library said, “We just want to make sure everybody in the community knows everything the library has to offer.”
That, my friends, is the wrong mindset for library marketing. You need to be more like Walmart, believe it or not! I’ll explain in this episode.
Do you have a suggestion for a topic for a future episode? Want to nominate someone for kudos? Let me know in the comments.
And please subscribe to this series on YouTube or follow me on LinkedIn to get a new weekly video tip for libraries.
Subscribe to this blog and you’ll receive an email whenever I post. To do that, enter your email address and click on the “Follow” button in the lower left-hand corner of the page. You can also follow me on the following social media platforms:
Photo courtesy Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County
My favorite bedtime snack is cereal. There’s something comforting about climbing into bed to watch TikTok while munching on Cheerios or Rice Krispies or, God forgive me, Cookie Crisp.
But it costs a lot more now to indulge in my favorite nighttime ritual. The average price of a gallon of milk rose by $1.23 between 2020 and 2022. The price of an average box of dry cereal rose by $1 between 2020 and 2022, according to my research.
Everything is getting more expensive, and not just in the United States. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, consumer prices are up 9.2 percent in 2022. Some countries like Turkey and Estonia are seeing double-digit inflation rates.
Your patrons are struggling, as I’m sure you know. That’s why now is the moment to start promoting your library as a money-saving opportunity for your community.
This isn’t a new idea. During the recession of 2008, libraries marketed themselves as a place for free books, DVDs, education, and entertainment. We’ve expanded our services since then, and we can show our community the value of using their library card to save money.
This approach has benefits for the library too. It will help reconnect community members who may have stopped coming to the library during the pandemic. That will drive circulation, visitors, and attendance.
Specificity is key.
Libraries, in our well-intentioned effort to appeal to everyone, often appeal to no one. So instead of saying, “The library saves you money,” be specific.
Think about the audiences you have on the platforms where you promote your library. Your Facebook followers have a specific demographic makeup. So do your Instagram followers. Your email newsletter subscribers react positively to certain promotions.
Think about those specific audiences. Write down what you know about them. For example:
Our library’s Instagram audience is women between the ages of 25 and 34. We get the most likes, shares, and comments for posts featuring historic photos of our library and book recommendations.
Next, do some research about the financial state of your area. Census statistics from 2020 are a great place to start. You can also search local news articles for more recent reports from your city or county about the state of the economy in your service area. If I were to do this for the city where I live (Cincinnati, Ohio), I would write:
The average household income according to the 2020 census is $65,000 and the poverty rate is 24 percent. Our population is majority white (50 percent) and black (41 percent). Cincinnati was ranked by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the bottom ten urban areas for job growth. The homeownership rate is only 39 percent. Most households consist of three people. Most residents have at least a high school diploma.
Armed with just those few statistics, I can make a list of the needs my service community has.
Finding a job
Career growth for better-paying jobs
Adult education advancement and the money to pay for higher education
Family activities that are cheap or free
Entertainment that is cheap or free
Now I can identify the specific library services that fall into those categories. Then, I can make plans to promote each of those library offerings as cost savings to my community.
Here are five ideas for specific promotions. Scroll down to the bottom of the post for examples of libraries that are promoting their services to save money.
Include a price comparison.
How much does a subscription to Netflix, Spotify, Hulu, or Audible cost compared with your library’s free streaming movies and music? How much does it cost to rent a workspace compared to using the library as a remote workspace? How much does it cost to buy a folding table versus checking one out from your library of things? Make the comparison so community members can see how much money they can save.
Always start with your collection.
Books are your library’s brand. In your print collection, focus on bestselling fiction and nonfiction, cookbooks, DIY, and children’s books. If you’re worried about growing the holds list, be sure to promote these books in all formats, including digital and audio, to give your patrons access faster.
You should also promote your library’s digital magazines and online newspapers. Remember to do a price comparison to show people how much they can save by using your library.
Remember, don’t promote the entirety of your collection. Be specific. Pick one to three titles that match a specific target audience. Your promotions will be more effective.
For example, when I worked at the Cincinnati Library, I promoted Reminisce Magazine to baby boomers on Facebook. Before our promotion, we had only a few downloads of this magazine each month. Afterward, downloads rose by more than 100 percent! Our community also really loved Cincinnati Magazine and whenever I marketed it by itself, downloads spiked. Specificity is the key.
Consumer reports database
This is a huge money saver for your community. Show your fans how they can research the best products and save time and money.
Homework help
Tutoring isn’t cheap. Many libraries offer help for kids struggling with schoolwork, either in person or online. If your homework help is in-person, introduce people to the faces their kids will see at the library. The Cincinnati Library did this in a blog post. You can also make a short video or a series of slides on Instagram or Facebook stores.
Other library services that save money
Library of things
Free Wi-Fi hotspots
Video games
Free or cheap classes and testing preparation.
The library as a workspace
Real-life examples of libraries promoting their cost-savings
Explore the value of your library membership! A $25.00 annual family membership can save you over $1600 a year! Sign up today online at: https://t.co/cTRw0mtWTW
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Super Library Marketing: Practical Tips and Ideas for Library Promotion 